82 SSH: Secure Communications
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The Secure Shell (packaged as ssh) comes with the ssh command to provide a secure mechanism for communicating with remote hosts on a network. Unlike traditional tools such as rsh, rcp, rlogin, telnet, and ftp, ssh encrypts all communications, including passwords, reducing the opportunity for inappropriate interception. It can also be used to encrypt your pop (email) communications and protect you from DNS and IP spoofing where remote machines pretend to be genuine machines that you are wanting to connect to. Implementations of ssh exist for most of the major operating systems.
Ubuntu provides the OpenSSH version of ssh which also installs the OpenSSH server, allowing incoming connections from ssh.
Whilst passwords are supported by ssh public keys are recommended. This will reduce the opportunity for man-in-the-middle attacks. Such an attack creates a Trojan remote host that pretends to be the remote host you are attempting to connect to through ssh (using IP spoofing, DNS spoofing or routing spoofing). Such a Trojan intercepts your communications to obtain your password, and will usually then even connect through to the actual remote host so that you may not even notice the interception. See Section 82.1 for details of setting up public keys.
As a little history, a Finnish company developed the original ssh but copyright and patent issues lead to the development of the free OpenSSH. There were two major (and slightly incompatible) versions of ssh: 1.X and 2.X. From a 2.X client you can not connect to a 1.X server. Connecting to an OpenSSH 2.X server from any version of the client is supported though.
For local development of code hosted on a remote server, vscode provides a plugin to seamlessly edit the code: Remote Development using SSH.
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