15.1 Setup
One likely cause of your CD/DVD not being found is that the appropriate module has not bee loaded. Try loading ide-scsi to see if that helps!
If that works you may want to add ide-scsi to
/etc/modules so it will be loaded on reboot.
Otherwise, to make use of a CD-ROM device you need to know what device
it is mapped to. Let’s assume it is /dev/hde (but look
through the output of the dmesg command to see which it is).
If the device /dev/hde does not exist (for modern versions of
Debian it usually does exist as the devices where identified at boot)
you will need to create it with MAKEDEV as root:
As a common convenience /dev/cdrom points to the physical
device /dev/hde using a symbolic link:
You can then mount any data CD-ROM:
If users can not mount the CD-ROM device then they probably don’t have
the right permissions. To allow general access to the CD-ROM edit
/etc/fstab to add the following line.
Any user can then mount and unmount /media/cdrom,
irrespective of who mounted it. Also note that the standard CD-ROM
format is iso9660 and the auto in the above could have been
this. However, as DVDs become more common using auto allows
the udf format to also be recognised with no extra effort.
The GNOME mount applets allow a user to mount and unmount the CD-ROM. Make sure you unmount the CD-ROM before you physically remove the media. (For most drives the eject button is disabled while the CD is mounted.)
The various options in the /etc/fstab line above are:
ro which mounts the file system as read-only;
users which lets all users mount and
unmount the file-system;
noauto which means that the file-system
is not automatically mounted at boot time; and
nohide which shows hidden and associated
files.
With the above entry in /etc/fstab the command line mounting
of the partition becomes:
By default the CD-ROM device belongs to group disk. For audio
CD access the user will need to be a member of the group to which the
device belongs. But do not add users to the group disk
because this will give them read/write access to raw devices for all
disks meaning that they can directly read the bits off the hard disk
and effectively ignore file system permissions. Instead change the
Unix group of /dev/hde from disk to cdrom and
add users who need access to the drive to the group cdrom:
Next time user kayon logs on they will be in group cdrom in addition to the other groups they were already in. They will then have access to the CD-ROM device.
15.1.1 CD Writer as a SCSI Device
CD writing software for GNU/Linux (prior to kernel 2.6) targets SCSI
devices, so you will need to install appropriate drivers so that your
ATAPI IDE CD-RW (and your CD-R/DVD if you wish) pretends to be a SCSI
device. It will then be identified as /dev/scd0 rather than
/dev/hdd.
Turning a IDE CD-RW into a SCSI CD-RW is pretty straightforward. First ensure the appropriate kernel modules are loaded (you need sg and ide-scsi). Use the command lsmod to list the modules currently loaded in the kernel, and the commands modconf or insmod to load the modules. If you already have the drive under the control of ide-cd then you need to get rid of it (as below).
You can ensure these happen at boot time, and the appropriate
dependencies between kernel modules are identified, by creating
/etc/modutils/cdrw:
#
# As suggested in CD Writing HOWTO
#
# This assumes IDE-CD is a module rather than copmiled into kernel.
#
options ide-cd ignore="hdc hdd"
alias scd0 sr_mode
pre-install sg modprobe ide-scsi
pre-install sr_mod modprobe ide-scsi
pre-install ide-scsi modprobe ide-cdNote here that we are telling the IDE CD module to ignore the disk which we want the ide-scsi module to handle. The ide-scsi module won’t touch any disks already being driven. Change the hdd to the appropriate one of hda, hdb, hdc, or hdd. To check which one to ignore look through the output of the dmesg command for the CD-RW line which identifies the driver, which on Alpine is:
Thus ide-cd should ignore hdd. If you want all CD drives to be SCSI (useful for some cases like cdrdao when asked to copy a disk) then don’t include either of the lines that mention ide-cd!
Now update the modules.conf file with:
Finally, tell the kernel to load the modules at boot time by adding
the following to /etc/modules:
You will now probably need to reboot to have the new configuration take effect. Also, don’t include ide-cd if you want all your drives recognised as SCSI.
Once set up wodim can be used to identify the SCSI device on which the CD writer sits:
For example, on Mint the device is 0,1,0. The
LG CD-RW CED-8080B 1.04 on this host is identified using:
# wodim -scanbus
scsibus0:
0,0,0 0) '_NEC ' 'DV-5700A ' '3.07' Removable CD-ROM
0,1,0 1) 'LG ' 'CD-RW CED-8080B ' '1.04' Removable CD-ROMOn Velox the device is 2,0,0. The SONY CD-RW CRX140E
on this host is identified using:
# wodim -scanbus
scsibus0:
0,0,0 0) 'QUANTUM' 'ATLAS10K2-TY184L' 'DA40' Disk
scsibus2:
2,0,0 200) 'SONY' 'CD-RW CRX140E' '1.0n' Removable CD-ROMAlpine and Velox have DVD drives (which remain as
IDE devices as /dev/hdc) and a CD-RW writer (which with the
above set up becomes /dev/scd0). Mint also has two
drives but both are run as SCSI devices.
On more recent kernels you may need to prefix the device with ATA:
To list the capabilities of your CD/DVD drive:
If you are having problems with CD drives being found try adding
ide-probe-mod%
%
%
before ide-scsi in
/etc/modules.
A line that someone suggested to be added to lilo.conf:
I’ve not used this.
Specify the default device for cdrecord in the file
/etc/default/cdrecord:
15.1.2 Docking Station CD-ROM
Inco, a laptop, has a CD-ROM located in the Docking Station. You will need a recent version of the kernel (at least post 2.2.15) so that it will be recognised on boot, displaying the following message:
CMD646: IDE controller on PCI bus 01 dev 28
CMD646: chipset revision 0x03, MultiWord DMA Force Limited
CMD646: 100% native mode on irq 10
ide2: BM-DMA at 0xfcc0-0xfcc7, BIOS settings: hde:pio, hdf:pio
ide3: BM-DMA at 0xfcc8-0xfccf, BIOS settings: hdg:pio, hdh:pio
...
hde: TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-1802B, ATAPI CDROM drive
...
ide2 at 0xfcf8-0xfcff,0xfcf2 on irq 10
..
hde: ATAPI 24X CD-ROM drive, 128kB Cache
Uniform CDROM driver Revision: 2.5615.1.3 LG CED-8080B Problems
On Mint this hardware seems to have some bad firmware. Others report a similar problem and yet others say they have no problem at all. If I knew how to obtain an update to the firmware and how to install it, no doubt it would all work! The problem is only for writing TAO. DAO seems just fine.
# cdrecord -v speed=8 dev=0,1,0 -pad -audio -dummy *.wav
...
Track 01: 0 of 29 MB written.cdrecord:
Input/output error. write_g1: scsi sendcmd: retryable error
CDB: 2A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1B 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x5 Illegal Request, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x64 Qual 0x00 (illegal mode for this track) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
...
cdrecord:
Input/output error. mode select g1: scsi sendcmd: retryable error
CDB: 55 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x5 Illegal Request, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x24 Qual 0x00 (invalid field in cdb) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) Bill Unruh (unruh@physics.ubc.ca), posting on comp.os.linux.misc in January 2001, had the same problem with a 8080B compatible and mentioned that it works okay in DAO mode but not TAO. This is expected to be a transient problem as the driver catches up with the drive.
15.1.4 cdrecord Problem: Cannot … Bytes on /dev/zero
Under Debian, cdrecord version 1.10a18 was compiled with
kernel version 2.4.x which has some incompatibilities with kernel
version 2.2.x, resulting in an error in trying to mmap on
/dev/zero.
The typical scenario is:
# cdrecord -dummy -v dev=2,0,0 -data test.iso
Cdrecord 1.10a18 (i686-pc-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 1995-2001 Jorg Schilling
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
cdrecord: Invalid argument.
Cannot get mmap for 4198400 Bytes on /dev/zero. and again:
# mkisofs -r cdr/ | cdrecord speed=8 dev =0,1,0 tsize=281056s -data -
Cdrecord 1.10a18 (i686-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2001 Jorg Schilling
cdrecord: Invalid argument. Cannot get mmap for 4198400 Bytes on /dev/zero. The solution is simply to recompile it:
or
Alternatively, install an older version of cdrecord that might be available on your machine in the archive of downloads:
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